Translational Review and evidence based practice Essay

Translational Review and proof based practice - Essay Example on For what reason is there not a uniform medical attendant patient proportion in all the conditions of the U.S.?† could be examined utilizing the third way to deal with translational exploration, to be specific Implementation and Testing of Systems Change. Today, there exist a few social insurance rehearses that depend on research-driven proof for some conditions that incorporate diabetes, asthma and heart failure(Titler, 2011). Tragically, the execution of these practices is conflicting, andvariations by and by are normal. Before, examination into tolerant security has would in general overemphasize the assortment and investigation od information which is then used to exhibit that there are better approaches to guarantee understanding wellbeing. Very little examination has been embraced on the most proficient method to execute those discoveries. Trying proof from research is a tough errand that requires proceeded with joint effort among different players in human services arrangement. These incorporate government offices, social insurance suppliers and individual professionals among different entertainers. As of late, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) built up a theoretical system for guaranteeing that examination discoveries are converted into training however much as could reasonably be expected and furthermore in the briefest time possible(Titler , 2011). The methodology of execution and testing of frameworks change fuses thoughts and ideas from a few trains that incorporate logical exchange of information, authoritative development, social advertising and conduct change. The system is introduced as a progression of steps, by and by, notwithstanding, the procedure of information move is never a straight procedure. Or maybe, it is a to and fro process in which data is shared between analysts, controllers and professionals. The way toward trying the discoveries of the exploration emerging out of the above inquiry will involve a few stages(Titler , 2011). The initial step will involve gathering information from an example of wellbeing offices the nation over. The respondents in

Admissions Essay - Potential to Contribute :: essays research papers

Dangers are the embodiment of life. First and foremost, they are our nature. However, as we get more established and increase a more prominent awareness of our general surroundings, incidentally we are given disappointment, by then, numerous individuals attempt to wipe out most dangers from their life. I originate from a family that has needed to face significant challenges so as to carry me to the spot I am today. My folks experienced childhood in Odessa, Ukraine, which was previously a piece of the Soviet Union. As offspring of Holocaust survivors, they were devoted to allowing their kids a chance to appreciate opportunities of an open society, the United States. Thus my folks resulted in these present circumstances nation with me, at that point multi year-old child in November of 1990 against the guidance of every one of their companions. They had concluded that leaving Soviet Union was their solitary genuine any expectation of protecting our character and raising a family outside of restraints and dread. They were daring individuals and they looked for a superior, more liberated life for themselves and for their youngsters. That was their age. What's more, presently I am too at a basic point of my life, one that is very unique in relation to my folks, yet in addition loaded with troublesome decisions in any case. Devoting the following a few years of my life to legitimate instruction is a hazard. Unquestionably, paying for graduate school will be a hardship. Be that as it may, I should likewise address whether my investigation of the law will give me the scholarly satisfaction I look for in my school life. This is a request I?ve made to myself on many occasions. I currently realize that, given my changed encounters and the course I?ve ended up taking, graduate school is the main genuine choice. My folks and grandparents? encounters have left a blemish on my life and I won't feel satisfied until I am ready to help other people that have been in likewise trying and troublesome circumstances. Truth be told, one of the manners in which I would like to do that is with my ability of being polylingual. Learning dialects has consistently been essential to me and it has given me numerous focal points and aided in my self-awareness. On the off chance that I didn?t know the four dialects of English, Russian, French, and Hebrew as I do today, at that point I would most likely be a totally different individual. Despite the fact that my local language of Russian wasn?t something picked by me, it is something I?

Secure Data Aggregration in Wireless Sensor Networks

Secure Data Aggregration in Wireless Sensor Networks 4. Framework ENVIRONMENT Before programming can be fabricated the structure wherein it lives must be gotten on. To satisfy this, general objective of the system must be settled; the piece of fittings, programming, people, database, methodologies and other structure parts must be recognized and operational requirements must be analyzed, nitty gritty, showed, acknowledged and regulated. These activities are the foundation of structure planning. System assessment is a fundamental development that happens when we are assembling new information existing structure. It is essential to contribute broad time to appreciate the system and its issues. When the system assessment is done structure design starts. 4.1 Necessity Examination Need assessment is the time of correspondence between the client and the customer. Need desire and essential assurance are the genuine activities performed in the midst of the essential examination stage. Essential assessment serves to overcome any impediment between level programming assignment and programming arrangement. It is the principal particular endeavor in the midst of programming building technique. In the midst of essential examination a module of the need, control stream, operational direct and substance are made. This development gives introduction of information and limit that can be implied data compositional and procedural setup. Need examination develops lastly gets done with being created of essential points of interest. The going with are the convenience requirements and system necessities identifying with our errand as a bit of need examination. Coming up next is the rundown of least necessities to run this bundle. 4.2 Hardware necessities: Framework :Pentium IV 2.4 GHz. Hard Disk:40 GB. Monitor:15 VGA Color. Mouse:Logitech. Ram:256 Mb. 4.3 Software Requirements: Working framework :Windows XP Professional. Platform:JDK 1.5 or more. IDE: Eclipse. Front End Java is an unusual state, third time programming vernacular like C, FORTRAN, Perl and various others. Java can be used to create machine applications that do the math, approach words, play entertainments and store data or do any thousands unique things machine programmings can do. The novel thing about Java is that it licenses you to create exceptional activities considered Applets that can be downloaded from the web and played safely inside a web program. It furthermore makes it possible to keep the system contamination free. As we as a whole trust the maintainers of the diverse FTP reports to do the fundamental contamination checking and not to post harming programmings still an extensive proportion of those diseases escape everyones notice or potholes. We have no genuine method to check those tasks for bugs or diseases while downloading or running them. Java ends up being profitable in handling this issue through its Applets. A Java applet cannot stay in contact with your hard plate without your assent. Therefore Java shields the system from pummeling. Java significantly affects the web. It extends the universe of things which can move wholeheartedly in the web. There are two general groupings of thing transmitted between the server and the PC in a framework. They are reserved information and dynamic, powerful activities. For example, when we read an email, we are survey inert data. Regardless, a second sort of article can be transmitted to our machine i.e., a dynamic, self executing venture. This venture is a unique agent on the client machine, yet is propelled by the server. For example, a framework might be given by the server to show suitably the data which the server is sending. Component orchestrated tasks present certified issues during the zones of security and flexibility. Java tends to these issues and thusly opened the ro ad to a stimulating new sign of undertaking called applet. Java is a programming lingo at first made by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which is by and by an auxiliary of Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995 as a middle piece of Sun Microsystems Java stage. The vernacular decides a lot of its phonetic structure from C and C++ yet has a simpler article model and less low-level workplaces. Java applications are customarily amassed to byte code (class archive) that can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM) paying little psyche to machine building plan. Java is all around helpful, concurrent, class-based, and article organized, and is especially planned to have as hardly any use conditions as would be judicious. It is relied upon to let application planners create once, run wherever. Java is considered by many individuals as a champion among the most convincing programming vernaculars of the twentieth century, and by and large used from application programming to web application. The first and reference utilization Java compilers, virtual machines, and class libraries were created by Sun from 1995. As of May 2007, in appropriateness with the specifics of the Java Community Process, Sun relicensed most by far of their Java advancements under the GNU General Public License. Others have in like manner made choice executions of these Sun advancements, for instance, the GNU Compiler for Java and GNU Class way. Swing is a graphical customer interface library for the Java SE stage. It is possible to call attention to a substitute look and feel through the pluggable look and feel course of action of Swing. Clones of Windows, Gtk+ and Motif are provided by Sun. Natural product also gives an Aqua quest and feel for Mac OS X. Where previous executions of these looks and feels may have been seen as requiring, Swing in Java SE 6 tends to this issue by using progressively nearby GUI device drawing calendars of the concealed stages. This model Swing application makes a solitary window with Hello, world! inside: /Hello.java (Java SE 5) import javax.swing.*; open class Hello expands JFrame { open Hello() { set Default Close Operation(Window Constants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); add(new J Label(Hello, world!)); pack(); } open static void main(String[] args) { new Hello().setVisible(true); } The chief import fuses most of everyone classes and interfaces from the javax.swing pack. The Hello class increases the Jframe class; the Jframe class executes a window with a title bar and a close by control. The Hello() constructor instates the edge by first calling the super class constructor, passing the parameter hey, which is used as the windows title. It at that point calls the setdefaultcloseoperation (int) procedure acquired from Jframe to set the default activity when the close by control on the title bar is picked to Windowconstants.exit_on_close. This makes the Jframe be disposed of when the edge is closed (as opposed to just disguised), which allows the JVM to way and the framework to end. Next, the configuration of the packaging is arranged to a Border format; this encourages Swing how to coordinate the sections that will be added to the edge. A Jlabel is made for the string Hi, world! furthermore, the add(component) system acquired from the Container super class is called to add the imprint to the edge. The pack() technique acquired from the Window super class is called to estimate the window and spread out its substance. The standard ( ) method is called by the JVM when the framework starts. It launches another Hello packaging and causes it to be appeared by calling the set visible(Boolean) strategy acquired from the Component super class with the Boolean parameter certified. At the point when the packaging is appeared, leaving the guideline framework doesn't bring about the task to end because the AWT event dispatching string remains dynamic until most of the Swing top-level windows have been organized. SWING IN JAVA: Swing Model/point of view plan: The viewpoint part of the MV plot is executed with a portion object and the UI object. The model piece of the MV setup is completed by a model article and a change crowd object. Swing depends on AWT and is totally formed in Java, using AWTs lightweight part help. In particular, not at all like AWT, t he development displaying of Swing parts makes it easy to re-try both their appearance and direct. Parts from AWT and Swing can be mixed, allowing you to add Swing sponsorship to existing AWT-based undertakings. For example, swing parts, for instance, Jslider, Jbutton and Jcheckbox could be used as a piece of a similar framework with standard AWT names, textfields and scrollbars. You could subclass the present Swing UI, model, or change crowd classes without expecting to reevaluate the entire utilization. Swing also can displace these articles on-the-fly. 100% Java execution of segments Pluggable Look Feel Lightweight parts Utilizations MVC Architecture Model speaks to the information View as a visual portrayal of the information Controller takes input and makes an interpretation of it to changes in information Three sections Component set (subclasses of JComponent) Support classes Interfaces In Swing, classes that address GUI fragments have names beginning with the letter J. A couple of tests are Jbutton, Jlabel, and Jslider. All around there are in excess of 250 new classes and 75 interfaces in Swing †double a similar number of as in AWT. Java Swing class progressive system The classJComponent, plummeted legitimately from Container, is the root class for a large portion of Swing’s UI parts. Figure 4.3.1: Hierarchy of java Swing GITAMCSE Page:1

Top Three Worst College Essay Topics

No matter how good your writing is, if you’ve picked a bad topic, college admissions officers will be unimpressed with your personal statement. They will likely have seen hundreds of essays exactly like it. And you definitely don’t want your essay to be trite and forgettable. Try to stand out from the crowd. You are unique, so prove it. Write about something that really shows who you are as a person. There are three kinds of essays that colleges receive every year without fail. And admissions officers are tired of having to read them. Don’t let yours fall into any of these categories: The Grandma Essay In this essay, the student writes about how much their grandmother (or grandfather, mother, aunt, etc.) has inspired them and how they wish to be just like her one day. They perhaps tell a little of her life story and how she overcame seemingly insurmountable odds and triumphed in the end. It’s a touching tale. But as a Tufts admissions officer explained on my tour of the university, your grandma isn’t the one applying to the school. You are. So you should be writing about yourself. Don’t make the whole essay about someone else. No matter how inspiring or influential they were. The Charity Vacation Essay This essay tells of the student’s trip to another country, often impoverished and third world. They write about how observing the lifestyle and helping the people of this country really changed their perspective on their first world privilege. The student realizes that he or she is so thankful for what they have after seeing how the rest of the world lives. First of all, this essay doesn’t really say a lot about you and your unique personality. Going on this trip might have changed anyone’s perspective. Also, this essay just sounds sort of fake. Putting this kind of experience in a college essay makes it seem like you just helped people because it would look good on an application. The Sports Essay Your underdog team won the big game! Or maybe you lost. Either way it really affected your life because you learned valuable skills of teamwork, perseverance and endurance. You believe the experience of playing this difficult game taught you important lessons that can be used in many situations in the real world. Admissions officers have read this essay quite a few times before. Again, not unique and doesn’t say a lot about you as a person. Your whole team of 20 kids also learned the valuable skill of teamwork. Should they all be admitted as well? The sports essay is just clichà ©. Don’t do it. Need help finding a topic to write about? We recommend that you read The Common Application Essay: Finding a Topic. 🙂

Effects Of War On The Family Structure Essay - 1899 Words

TeMera Evans Dr. Sylvia Mann HUM 310-10 December 7, 2016 The Effects of War on the Family Structure War has tremendous effects on the human mind and impacts all parties involved. Remnants of war can dramatically affect relationships with loved ones and create greater problems ranging from financial problems to psychological damage that has more profound effects on the family infrastructure and its operation. The notion of war produces pressures and strains on the family that is not experienced everyday in the routine family life. Family member who experience PTSD from their service in the military also places unforeseen weights and consequences for the family to carry. There are specific effects distinct to a parent, a spouse, and children when a loved one is serving their country. The relationships between a service men and these family members are transformed with the absence and their reintegration. An article titled How Deployment Stress Affects Children and Families: Research Findings estimated that â€Å"by the end of 2008, 1.7 million American Service Members had served in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF).† Each person is different. They experience and interpret situations unique to their personality that varies depending on the person, but war produces the same problems for members of the nuclear family. War creates a cloud of worry and anxiety. â€Å"Parents of [military personnel] often have misgivings (Lediaev).† These reservations andShow MoreRelatedEffects Of War On The Family Structure Essay1779 Words   |  8 PagesThe Effects of War on the Family Structure War has tremendous effects on the human mind and impacts all parties involved. Remnants of war can dramatically affect relationships with love ones and create greater problems ranging from financial problems to psychological damage that has more profound effects on the family infrastructure and its operation. The notion of war produces pressures and strains on the family that is not experienced every day in the routine family life. Family member who experienceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Documentary To You It s A Reality 1671 Words   |  7 Pagesaward winning observational war documentary Armadillo (Metz, 2010), a captivating film, shadowing a platoon of soldiers as they fought the Taliban in the Helmand province of southern Afghanistan. A controversial and sensitive topic, in which director and filmmaker Janus Metz endeavoured to depict the brutalising effects of war, with a character driven and emotional story embedded through out. With such impact surrounding a film, one may note the importance of film structure, camera work, sound, narrationRead MoreRelationship Between the Society and the Individual Explored in Ceremony and Into the Wild1580 Words   |  7 Pagesexploitation. The society provides economic, political, cultural and social structures that help the individual carry out his or her daily duties effectively. The society allows the individual achieve his objectives and wishes that he could have not achieved alone. A society can be defined based on its political structure. The society provides an individual a choice on the kind of politics he is willing to engage in. The political structure within the society depends on the individuals understanding of politicsRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Colonialism on the Colonized Country Essay810 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War, is the takeover by a nation of foreign territories; making them part of it to aid its own economical, social and political structures. The mother countries succeed in doing that by using the colony’s natural resources, money savings, and their lands, which leads the colony to rely on the mother country and therefore, leaving the country underdeveloped. Hence, the world wide scramble for colonies, particularly in the late 19th – early 20th century, had a tremendous negative effect on theRead MoreAs Mentioned Above, There Have Been Many Lives Lost During1729 Words   |  7 Pagesthe civil war that has raged for year s in Syria. The estimated casualties in the chemical attack on April 4th are reported to be 131 citizens, 41 of those children (Perez, 2017). Many more people were also affected by the attack that day. There are the countless friends and family members who lost loved ones. There are surely many others who lost homes and other possessions that will be forced to try to find new places to live and support themselves. In a much broader sense, the effects are seen onRead MoreCompare and Contrast Han China and Rome Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagessocial structures, influencing religions, and causes of collapse unify them. Society cannot exist without a unified social doctrine, as is true with both the Han and Roman empires. While there may be vast differences between them, at their roots is the same thing, a structure built on family. In this family structure, the households are run by the oldest male member. This member was to be given total respect and obedience and made all the important decisions for the family. This structure not onlyRead MoreSocial Class and Family Groups in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pageseffectively shown social class and family groups to be important at that time? The rigid class structure and social stratification of Maycomb County had a profound effect on the events in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. The impact of this class structure was especially evident in the trial of Tom Robins on, a Maycomb Negro. The extreme prejudice of the town eventually led to the unjust conviction of Robinson for a crime he did not commit. Family groups were also seen to be importantRead MoreThe Cold War On The Soviet Union1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War’s effect on the Soviet Union Shortly after the World War 2 ended, the United States and its North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies entered the cold war with the Soviet Union. Germany was divided in half and later, the Berlin Wall was constructed as a physical boundary between the Soviet controlled East Germany and NATO controlled West Germany. This standoff continued until the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. The cold war had a huge influence on the world stage, but also had a majorRead MoreDaily Life During World War I1606 Words   |  7 PagesLife in Britain World War One was a Great War involving many powers from all over the world, one of them being Great Britain. It is no surprise that when war breaks out, the daily lives of everyone change. During the period of war, daily life in England was a little bit different than daily life before the time of war. The daily life of the family, the daily life of soldiers, and the daily life of children were all affected by the outbreak of war. The daily life of the family was greatly affectedRead MoreThe World War II : A Evolutionary Change Within Societal Structure1462 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War II sparked an evolutionary change within societal structure as women’s influence grew and they entered the workforce. Efforts on the homefront brought more job opportunities for women, but the role that they developed was challenged as soon as the men returned. American society expected everything to return to normal when the war finished, and men to return to the factories and women to return to housework. Contrary to popular belief, women took this opportunity to fight against social

The Death Of Cartoon Television Tv Show - 1544 Words

As a long time fan of classic, nostalgia-filled cartoons of the 80’s, 90’s and early 2000’s it’s sad to say the days of Saturday-morning cartoons have been laid to rest. Or rather abruptly terminated would be a better way to put it. The death of cartoon tv TV show blocks has been tucked away in the box of many young children (mainly of the male demographic) right next to infrared peripherals, and chewed up and worn action figures that accommodated them. Though unlike many dying forms of media, the influence of Saturday-morning cartoons still continues. First things first, modern cartoons have difficulty embodying the same type of in-depth, adult-themed, bro-mantic adventures that older cartoons thrived off of. Take for example the original Transformers series. A group of ultra intelligent, sentient robots escape their crippling homeworld of Cybertron in order to seek out the much-needed (hyphenate to words that form an adjectiveresource of Energon. Upon fi nding Earth, our heroes the Autobots are attacked by the evil Decepticons only to crash land and wake up thousands of years later in the year 1984. Thus series continues on with Megatron trying to harvest the Earth for its resources and Optimus Prime and his band of allied companions foiling his every attempt. The next 4 four (spell out numbers ten and under) seasons present the viewers with the overarching theme of teamwork and friendship. Granted, it did this very well and the show is praised for its originality andShow MoreRelatedAmerica s Baby Sitter, An Accurate Name1450 Words   |  6 PagesBaby-sitter,† an accurate name given to children’s cartoons. Often times when parents are busy tending to household chores, or even just looking for a little â€Å"me time,† they place their children in front of the television with their favorite humorously violent cartoon. Though it may seem harmless, the increase in violence in cartoons has led to more aggressive be havior in young children today. If parents really knew how much of an influence these cartoons had on their children, they may start lookingRead MoreEssay Television and Media - TV Violence is Ruining Children842 Words   |  4 PagesTV Violence is Ruining Children    A young child sits in front of a television watching cartoons while his mother runs around the house doing various chores.   The mother passes the room the child is in and glances at the television each time she passes.   The child is watching Sesame Street.   Then, a half an hour later, Mr. Rogers is on. The mother walks into the room a half an hour later and stops in horror at what is on the television.   Her young son is watching the same station as beforeRead MoreThe History of Disneyland1272 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1955, Disneyland was created by Walt Disney because of his love for cartoons and continued to be built by Roy in 1966 after Walt Disney’s death. Walt Disney was born December 5, 1901in Chicago, Illinois. He did not have the idea childhood due to his family being financially unstable and his father was not the nicest to him. As a child Walt’s father Elias believed in corporate punishment and beat him regularly. Since the family was poor, they ha d to move around a lot so they could find jobs. WaltRead MoreSpeech On The Broadcasting Industry1360 Words   |  6 PagesAddress to the Broadcasting Industry As television channels in the 1960’s continued to display numerous violence, American comedy, and offensive commercials, television programming offered scanty, enjoyable shows for the general audience. Newton Minow, the Federal Communications Chairman (FCC) from 1961 to 1963, argued for a better quality of television in his â€Å"Address to the Broadcasting Industry† to over 2,000 members of the National Association of Broadcasters. As a result, it generated a nationalRead More Media Violence - Helping Youth Understand Death Essay887 Words   |  4 PagesMedia Violence: Helping Youth Understand Death    Weve all heard it before. Blame it on TV, or the movies. If a child bludgeons another child to death with a wrench or shoots a classmate, it is the violent TV programs that they watch which are to blame, not the parents or the supervisors who are supposed to be there to make sure their kids do the right thing. How far is it true that the media is responsible for trivialising death and violence, thus causing the children of America to go outRead MorePolitics Is A Joke ! Essay1638 Words   |  7 Pages Kenneth Mulligan Political Science 314I-950 Paper 2 The book â€Å"Politics is A Joke! How TV Comedians Are Remaking Political Life† written by S. Robert Lichter, Jody C. Baumgartner, and Jonathan S. Morris, describes the influence of late night tv show comedians and their role in modern politics. Conan, The Colbert Report, Saturday Night Live, and many late-night comedy shows exist. These shows have played a major role in American politics in the recent decades. Former President Bill ClintonRead MoreEssay about Media Violence1096 Words   |  5 Pagessaying now days. Sixty years ago the television was invented. People looked at it as a technological curiosity (I got that part from the info). For some people now days TV is there best friend. Most of them are little kids. TV shows the news, tries to make us buy certain things, and it also shows violence. The only thing that it can do is replace written materials (Got that to). The bad thing is that these violent shows are dangering our society. Certain things on TV and movie s have inspired people (IRead MoreThe Impact of Television on Women961 Words   |  4 Pages Impacts of Television on Women In todays world, the most empowering type of media is television which has enslaved millions of people around the globe. It has not only poisoned our minds but also our bodies. Number of researches have been conducted on evaluating the impacts of TV and all I have turned out with the same result that watching excessive TV not only affects our bodies and but also has a tremendous tendency of affecting our minds. The most common example of TVs power is women behaviorRead MoreViolence on Television Can Have Negative Effects on Children1210 Words   |  5 Pagesrepeated violence on television desensitizes children to violence, and similarly incorrect portrayals of sex on television may contribute to adolescent sex. Violence, and sex on television negatively impacts todays youth, and adolescents. In fact, a main contributor to these negative effects on children are caused by parents. Some parents pay little to no attention to the ratings of television shows, or movies, or the amount of sex, and/or violence their child sees on television. Studies indicateRead MoreMedia Violence1142 Words   |  5 PagesIt has been calculated that American kids see about 200,000 acts of violence and 25,000 murders on television by the time they reach age eighteen. (Schleifer 18) Arrests of people under the age of eighteen for violent crimes rose forty-seven percent from 1988 to 1992. (Miller 174) The American Medical Association conducted a study that found a direct relationship between viewing and homicide. (Miller 176) Does this kind of overexposure to violence have a significant effect on children and teenagers

Diabetes Eye Disease Diabetic Retinopathy

Question: Discuss about the Diabetes Eye Disease for Diabetic Retinopathy. Answer: Introduction According to the American Diabetes Association, (ADA, 2014) diabetes mellitus can be defined as a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar which is known as hyperglycemia. It can be categorized into three classes; diabetes type 1, diabetes type 2 and gestational diabetes. Type 2 is the most common one. It is mainly caused by resistance of body cells to insulin, which is involved in regulation of blood sugar. This results in abnormally high levels of sugar, a conditioned known as hyperglycemia. Diabetes eye diseases occur as a complication associated with the high blood sugar. These diseases are: diabetes retinopathy, diabetes macular edema, cataracts and glaucoma. Diabetes retinopathy is the most common one. Diabetes macular edema is associated with diabetes retinopathy. Glaucoma and cataracts can develop secondarily after development of retinopathy. These diseases may cause difficulty in seeing and may ultimately result in blindness. In the discussion below, the anatomy of the eye has been explained to detail and the circumstances that would lead to retinopathy, the stages in retinopathy, and the way this can be handled in order to spare Mr. Smiths eyesight. Anatomy of the Eye The eye is the organ involved in sight.it converts light rays into signals that are transmitted into the brain where they are interpreted. When the word eye is mentioned it sparks up three terminologies that are very relevant to the topic. According to P. Kronfeld, (2014) the anatomy of the eye can be discussed under the following categories; the eyeball, the orbit and extra ocular muscles. The gross anatomy and embryology of the eye. The orbit refers to bony structure of the skull where the eye ball is located. The eyeball is the functional part of an eye that is involved in the transduction of light rays into signals. The eyeball is surrounded by an upper and lower eyelid with eye lashes. These are a protective mechanism against physical damage of the eyeball. The outer transparent layer covering the eyeball is known as the conjunctiva. Part of the eye that appears white and surrounds a colored section is called sclera, while the colored section is known as iris. The iris has diffe rent kinds of pigmentations depending on the race which one belongs to. The central part of the iris is an aperture known as the pupil. The iris expands and constricts to alter the size of the pupil in order to focus the light rays. Behind the iris is a transparent convex lens which converge the rays on the retina. At the back of the eyeball is the retina. This is a light sensitive layer of cells involved in the transduction of light to signal. It contains rods and cone cells. The area of sharpest vision is known as fovea reticularis. The signal is transmitted through the optic disk to the optic nerve then to the brain. There is are two chambers filled with fluid; the aqueous and vitreous humor. The extra ocular muscles coordinate the movement of the eyeball upwards, downwards and sideways. Mechanism of Vision In view Martin J. Touvee (2013) the major function of the eye is to trap light rays and focus them on the retina (p.10). Introduction to visual systems Light rays are able to reach the retina due to the transparent nature of the eyeball structures. It first passes through the conjunctiva. The iris restricts the amount of light entering the eye. When the light is too bright, it constricts reducing the amount of light reaching the retina. If the light is too dim it relaxes widening the pupil. The iris has melanin pigment to absorb stray rays which would form multiple images. The lens converges the rays to form an image on the retina. The retina has a black pigment that prevents the light rays from bouncing back. The rods and cones transduce light energy into signal transmitted through optic nerve to the part of the brain that interprets the signal into an image that can be perceived. Diabetes Retinopathy This is a condition that results from high amounts of blood sugar, a characteristic of diabetes mellitus. A persistently high blood sugar leads to destruction of the blood vessels of the retina. It leads to leakage of the blood vessel contents which distorts vision. The main reasons for loss of vision in patients with diabetes mellitus are diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (M. Netwich and W. Ulbig, 2015, p.1) Diabetes retinopathy progresses in four distinct stages. The first stage is mild non proliferative retinopathy.in this stage there is only swelling of small blood vessels a condition referred to as micro aneurysms. Vision is minimally distorted. The second is moderate non proliferative retinopathy.in this case blood vessels swell and may lose their ability nourish the retina. This stage is associated with diabetes macula edema and it cause changes in retinal appearance.in the third stage, severe non proliferative retinopathy, a growth factor that prom otes growth of new blood vessels is released. In the final advanced stage, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, new blood vessels grow from the retina. They are more fragile and likely to leak and bleed. As the vessels heal scar formation may cause contraction that can detach the retina. This may lead to permanent vision loss. Conclusion Diabetes retinopathy develops due to failure of proper management of the blood sugar levels. According to Kilari, E. K., Putta, S. (2017). Taking the medication correctly and taking a healthy diet delays vision loss. Delayed Progression of Diabetic Cataract genesis and Retinopathy, Cutaneous and ocular toxicology,36 (1), 52-59. Medication includes insulin and other hyperglycemic drugs. Dilated eye exam is also necessary to monitor progression. Retinopathy in Mr. Smith can be managed through therapies and adhering to doctors advice on medication and diet References The American Diabetes Association. (2014). Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes care,37(Supplement 1), S81-S90. Kronfeld. P. C. (2014). The Gross Anatomy and Embryology of the Eye. The Eye,1(968), 1. Martin J .Tovee (2001). Introduction to visual systems; eye and forming images.(10-17) Nentwich, M. M., Ulbig, M. W.(2015). Diabetic retinopathy-ocular complications of diabetes mellitus. World journal of diabetes,6(3), 489. American Diabetes Association. (2014). Executive summary: standards of medical care in diabetes2014. Kilari, E. K., Putta, S. (2017). Delayed progression of diabetic cataractogenesis and retinopathy by Litchi chinensis in STZ-induced diabetic rats.Cutaneous and ocular toxicology,36(1), 52-59.